Cardiology and Cardiovascular Diseases

Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS): Clinical Science and Diagnosis

Acute coronary syndrome is a phrase used to represent a number of disorders linked to an abrupt reduction in cardiac blood flow.

Heart attacks (myocardial infarction) are one such condition where damaged or destroyed heart tissue results from cell death. Even when acute coronary syndrome does not result in cell death, the altered heart function indicates a greater risk of a heart attack.

Acute coronary syndrome frequently results in excruciating chest discomfort or pain. It is a medical emergency that needs to be identified and treated right now. Enhancing blood flow, managing complications, and averting future issues are among the objectives of treatment.

Symptoms

• Chest pain (angina) or discomfort, often described as aching, pressure, tightness or burning
• Pain spreading from the chest to the shoulders, arms, upper abdomen, back, neck or jaw
• Nausea or vomiting
• Indigestion
• Shortness of breath (dyspnoea)
• When to see a doctor

An urgent medical situation is acute coronary syndrome. Any variety of illnesses that pose a life-threatening risk might cause chest pain or discomfort. For an accurate diagnosis and early treatment, seek emergency assistance. Avoid taking your own car to the hospital.

Diagnosis
An emergency room physician will probably request many tests if you exhibit signs or symptoms of acute coronary syndrome. While your doctor is interviewing you about your symptoms or medical history, several tests might be performed. Tests comprise:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG) (ECG). Your heart's electrical activity is measured by electrodes placed on your skin. A shortage of oxygen can cause your heart to function improperly if you have abnormal or irregular impulses. Electrical signal patterns can sometimes indicate where an obstruction is generally located. The test could be run more than once.
• Blood exams. If heart tissue has been harmed due to cell death, certain enzymes may be seen in the blood. A cardiac attack is predicted by a good result.

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