Cardiology and Cardiovascular Diseases

Pediatric cardiac disorders and congenital heart disease

A structural defect in the heart at birth, often known as congenital heart disease, is one of its defining features. Most frequently, damage is done to the heart's blood vessels, valves, or walls. Different types of congenital cardiac defects exist; some are serious and may call for several procedures and treatments.

Typically, cardiac surgery focuses on the heart or big blood veins. Endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis, as well as the issues with ischemic heart disease, congenital heart disease, and treatment of valvular heart disease, are often treated using this strategy. Among the operations utilised in cardiac surgery include those for aortic aneurysms and dissections, coronary artery bypass grafting, heart transplantation with a left ventricular assist device, mitral valve surgery, open-heart surgery, etc.

• Aortic senosis
• Arrhythmias
• Atrial septic defect
• Cardiac failure
• Cardiomyopathy
• Coarctation of aorta
• Congenital heart disease
• Endocardial cushion defect
• Kawasaki disease
• Pulmonary atresia and pulmonary stenosis
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Rheumatic heart disease
• Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
• Transposition of great arteries
• Tricus arteriosus
• Ventricular septal defect

One or more structural abnormalities of the heart at birth are symptoms of congenital heart disease. Most frequently, the heart's walls, valves, or blood vessels are affected. There are many different types of congenital cardiac defects; some are serious and may need numerous procedures and treatments.

Paediatric cardiac defects are seen in the majority of children with heart disease. These are birth defects in the structural integrity of the heart. The most prevalent birth defects encountered globally are congenital heart problems, which occur in 8–10 per 1000 live births. According to estimates, 2,40,000 infants are born in India each year with congenital heart defects, and 1/5 of these children may need cardiac surgery or other treatment during the first year of life.